Aquarium medications, proper use of antibiotics, antimicrobials, herbal treatments and chemotherapy Aquarium

This article (which will grow with information) information on various aquarium (and pond) treatments. You Gram negative or Gram positive applications in which they apply.
When fish are sick (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasites or other), who wants to try to isolate them in a hospital aquarium whenever possible. The regular water changes before each treatment allow a more effective treatment, especially when treated in the display tank.
Sponge filters work well in hospital aquariums. Remember to remove carbon, the carbon will remove many medications. Also note that silicone in the tank to absorb malachite green, methylene blue, and copper sulfate. Most corals (crushed and others), and ceramic decorations also absorb medications such as malachite green, methylene blue, and copper sulfate.
appropriate levels of calcium are important, such as calcium also helps in healing and stress, healing, and without adequate levels of calcium can be diffficult, if not impossible. Antibiotics (eg tetracycline) reduce calcium absorption.
For more information on calcium, see this article: calcium, magnesium and aquariums KH
“Medicated Wonder Shells” administer medications for PCI and the treatment of fungal and KH control (calcium) levels.
Triple sulfa (sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole)
Sulfonamides are antibiotics. These drugs produce are bacteriostatic, ie inhibiting growth of bacteria, but not to kill.
Sulfa drugs arrest cell growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid, a necessary element in the growth of bacteria. Folic acid is a large molecule and can not enter bacterial cells, so that the bacteria must synthesize the compound intracellularly. Animal cells are unable to synthesize folic acid and must be supplied in the diet. For this reason, the sulfonamides are not toxic to animal cells.
JOBS: A broad spectrum of antibacterial drugs, and the putrefaction of the caudal fin, mouth fungus and collapsed fins, columnaris, and hemorrhagic septicemia. It is also useful for fin damage caused by the narrowing of the fin. An old remedy is still useful and can be used in combination with malachite green and acriflavine (not combined with copper sulfate). The sulfonamides are more effective at high pH levels.
DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 liters of water every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Try for a minimum of 10 days.
tetracycline hydrochloride:
USE: Treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections in the majority and some Gram-negative infections, such as putrefaction and caudal fin (for parts, patchy and late deterioration and / or tail), Popeye (protruding eyes and may be cloudy or hazy), gill disease (swollen gill color, shortness of breath and decreased activity) and secondary infections. Interferes with the production of proteins that bacteria need to multiply and divide (bacteriostatic). Tetracycline hydrochloride mechanism of action is also an inhibitor of protein synthesis by a mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S subunit. Mode of resistance is the loss of the permeability of the cell wall. Note, can reduce Teracycline number of red blood cells because of this I would not use with an injured fish.
DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 liters of water. Every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. This product does not work on the water with a pH above 7. 5 NO – for marine use!
Quinine SUFATE:
USE: Resistant strains of Ich (especially on the scale less fish.) Protozoa, the thinness of the skin diseases and Rams (Whirling disease). It is also good for strains resistant Hexamita when combined with metronidazole.
DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 liters of water. Once a day for 4-5 days. Make a water change of 25% before each treatment.
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride:
USE: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Marina ulcer, cold water, bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (symptoms: red stripes on the body and fins, or redness in the body. open wounds or loss of scales) and mouth fungus.
DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per teaspoon for 20 gallons every 24 hours with a water change of 50% before each treatment. This antibiotic is best used mixed with food, especially if the pH is above 8. 0. .
Nitrofurazone:
USE: Bactericidal for some gram-positive and many gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in freshwater and marine fish. This antibacterial is effective in controlling flexibacter/columnaris- (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins. It looks like a mushroom), kanamycin works well for this, Aeromonas (Symptoms: The fish have blisters that formed in the skin that are filled with a yellowish liquid. The bulbs can become large ulcers.), Vibrio and related species. Nitrofurazone is particularly useful for controlling infections of the skin topical juvenile marine fish that have not become systemic. Effective against marine ulcer and protozoa. It is also useful in the treatment of furunculosis in Koi.
Serious adverse events related to nitrofurans are very rare. Acquired resistance of bacteria to nitrofurans during therapy has been rare and has not presented a significant scale in over 50 years of use. Do not use with invertebrate.
Nitrofurazone is more effective to reduce pH levels.
DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 gallons. Treat every 24 hours with a water change of 50% before each treatment. Try for 10 days.
Neomycin sulfate:
USE: Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas open wounds or sores network and damage to the tail fin, tail fins and rotten, in severe cases, the organization to cope with kanamycin for this) and tuberculosis, Gram-positive, and perhaps mycobacteria. This works well in freshwater or saltwater aquariums.
DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 liters of water. Treat every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Try for 10 days. For tuberculosis, using up to 30 days.
Metronidazole:
USE: The hole in the head disease (Hexamita) Chilodonella, Plistophora (parasitic disease frequently seen in neons and cardinals with loss of color, like arrows, and possibly death), I mean water salt swelling.
DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 gallons. Treat every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Try for 10 days.
Kanamycin sulfate;
Use: Used to treat many sensitive gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It works particularly well in saltwater aquariums. Works well in combination with Nitrofurazone to Flexibacter (columnaris) (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins. It looks like a mushroom). It is also useful for Pseudomonas red open sore or sores, fin and tail damage, fins and tail are eaten away, in serious cases to the agency. Kanamycin is very effective in high pH applications, especially vibrio, making it useful for the treatment of brackish water and seawater.
Kanamycin can be effective to rotate the disease, the suspicion of renal disease and dropsey.
kanamycin sulfate appears to prevent bacteria from making cell walls, so that the cell death.
DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 gallons. Treat every 48 hours with a change of 25% of water before every treatment. Try for 10 days. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF Aeromonas, Vibrio, and sepsis
Erythromycin:
USE: Fin and tail rot, infections due to kidney disease (kidney infection is not often) eyes pop. Most Gram negative and Gram-positive and some fungi. Neon Tetra Disease (faded colors). Black Molly disease.
DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 liters of water every 24 hours with a change of 25% water before each treatment. Try for 10 days.
Trichlorfon (Dylox)
Dimethyl (2,2,2, trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate:
Trichlorfon is an organophosphate and degrades rapidly (about 99% of applied degraded in 2 hours) in alkaline pond water (pH 8. 5) at room temperature. but remains stable in the same pond water held in acidic (pH 5. 0) conditions for 2 hours.
Trichlorfon is highly toxic to invertebrates.
DO NOT USE on fish so sensitive to chemicals such as silver dollars, Ray, Bala Sharks, arowanas, leaf tips, Hemiodus, Piranha, the majority of silver fish-scale marine sharks, lion fish.
See whether treatment with methylene blue Dylox is not available or viable
USE: Trichlorfon is useful for the treatment of: Hydra, Lernia (anchor worm), parasitic copepods, and the tail Monodigenetic digenetic fish lice (Argulus), leeches
CLOUT containing trichlorfon (dimethyl (2,2,2, Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate) and 4 – [P-(dimethylamino)-O-phenylbenzylidene] -2, 5-dimethyl-1-chloride xylidene cyclohexadiene, 1, 2 dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole
DOSAGE: There is no recommended dose (other than freshwater fish acute toxicity = 1. 6-180 ppm), see the manufacturer’s instructions for all products containing trichlorfon.
Penicillin, AMPICILLAN;
USE: Membership of the group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Although this class of antibiotics commonly used in humans and other warm-blooded animals, it is a family of antibiotics that proved useless in general, in fish. About the effectiveness comes only in the treatment of certain fungal eye infections. All drugs, antibiotics, antibiotics, chemotherapy different work in different ways in different organisms, even though the processes are similar. An example often used is that quinine sulfate is generally effective treatment and safe for fish, but not all invertebrates.
Isoniazid 300 mg
USE: Treatment of tuberculosis (symptoms: the fish has been sick for several months. The fish are lethargic, anorexic, a termination or loss of scales and an empty stomach) sensitive fish like Discus. It can be combined with kanamycin.
It is a difficult disease to treat, and treatment may continue for more tha a month.
Also note that this is caused by a bacterium very similar to human tuberculosis, but not the same, and the only danger to humans is an open wound exposed to the bacteria, which then causes a rash localized .
DOSAGE: 1 tablet per 20 gallons every two days for 14 – 30 days
Methylene blue (zinc free) 2. 303%
EMPLOYMENT: fungus on eggs, Ich, fungus and some bacteria. Effective in gill disease. Door oxygen. Some protozoa, the thinness of the skin and Oodinium. Ideal for use as a bath of 30 minutes in a double dose.
Great when used as a sauce for the topical treatment of parasitic and bacterial infections and fungal infections. When Dylox not available, it can be a useful treatment for anchor worm (especially in goldfish), first carefully remove the anchor worm with tweezers and dip the fish reached in the methylene blue. When used with an ultraviolet sterilizer to kill the Swimming Stadium female anchor worm (the female is the parasite), this may be an effective treatment. (Tank can also be treated with a combination of malachite green or malachite green during this period to improve efficiency).
It is also useful as a dip for ammonia and nitrite poisoning.
DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 2. 303% solution per 10 gallons every other day for 10 days with water changes before each treatment. Best used in a hospital tank. Methylene blue can destroy nitrifying bacteria and plants in the display tank.
Acriflavine HCL 3. 84% solution:
EMPLOYMENT: An antiseptic agent for skin and mucous membranes. Is known to inhibit mitochondriogenesis. It is generally used to treat infections by bacteria and fungi like mushrooms, sweet mouth, and the putrefaction of the caudal fin, mushrooms, saproglenia, skin parasites such as Oodinium (velvet), the thinness of the skin, and I speak (although very soft treatment for PCI, FW or SW)
DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon 3. 84% solution per 10 liters of water every two days for 10 days. Combines well with copper sulfate and malachite green.
Malachite green;
USE: For treatment and control of various external parasites of freshwater and marine fish. When used as prescribed medication to control or prevent the following common protozoan parasites:
* Ichthyophthinus (freshwater Ich) were so beautiful “salt and white spots that usually appear first on the fins.
* Costia (Ichthyobodo). Not to be confused with HIC, is a parasite that can live dormant in healthy fish (especially the gills), then under certain conditions (water conditions, stress, etc.), they reproduce rapidly . Symptoms include heavy thrust and laborious “breathe” flashes and rubbing, skin cloudiness caused by excess mucus.
Chilodonella *, * * Ambiphyra Cryptocaryon (marine Ich), * Epistylis, and Trichodina Oodinium * * Plistophora (best combined with formaldehyde to 1 / 2 degree)
Malachite green is also effective against common external fungal infections of fish and eggs which include Achlya and Saprolegnia.
DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 0. 038% solution per 10 liters of water every two days for 10-14 days. Or fall. 50% solution per gallon every two days for 10-14 days. 25% water change is recommended before each dose. Use the average dose of smaller scale and delicate fish like clown loaches and Neon Tetras. Double dose for marine aquariums.
Note: Malachite green is more toxic at higher pH.
Can be combined with formalin or acriflavine.
Formalin (formaldehyde 3%):
USE: For treatment and control of diseases caused by fungi, protozoa and monogenetic trematodes of freshwater and marine aquarium fish. Formalin will control or prevent fish diseases caused by organisms of the following diseases: * Ichthyophthirius (freshwater “ich”), * Costia (Ichthyobodo) * Chilodonella, Ambiphyra * * Cryptocaryon (marine “ich”), Epistylis * Oodinium * * * Amyloodinium and Trichodina.
DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 3% solution per 10 liters of water every two days for 10 days. Goes well with malachite green.
Formaldehyde can deplete oxygen in an aquarium, so consider adding an air stone or a power head with an air diffuser.
COPPER SULFATE:
USE: For treatment and fresh water marine ICH Oodinium, external parasites, fungi and algae, even. Very effective when used correctly and carefully.
DOSAGE: Treat according to their solution to their level of copper. -. 15 20ppm. Sequestered Copper (often called chelated, but that is not correct, chelated means inactivated) sulfate works best (citric acid to help achieve this objective.) Soluble copper salts work well in freshwater only. For use with snails and other invertebrates, do not use in reef aquariums, and note when used as an algaecide, copper is absorbed by the algae that release when you die. Removal of sequestered copper can be difficult, as EDTA (ethylene diamine Tetra) and water changes remove the carbon.
ORGANIC DRUGS:
There are three organic or “homeopathic” treatments that I used;
PIMENTA EXTRACT (PIMAFIX)
EMPLOYMENT: Pimenta extract is effective for a wide range of bacterial and fungal diseases that normally affect fish and other aquatic animals. Fish diseases can be treated according to the present are bacterial diseases of fish, like the tail fin and rot, mouth fungus (often caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnaris), fungal diseases of fish (such as those caused by microorganisms genera Saprolegnia and Achyle), etc..
Pimafix has also shown efficacy in treating Dropsey caused by Aeromonas or Pseudomonas (a kidney disease that causes swelling and distention of the scale, and is often fatal).
DOSAGE: See Pimafix
Usnea lichen;
USO family Parmeliaceae Usnea is a lichen that grows in temperate rain forests.
I found it effective to bacteria (ich parasites usually Gram negative), and even mushrooms. This resource is still in testing, but initial results are promising. Usnea Lichen is proving to be the most effective natural remedy to the top of my test
This lichen is boiled as a tea and added to the aquarium.
DOSAGE: not yet established. I boil one small sprig of 6 ounces of water and add this to every 10-20 gallons of water each day until the healing effect two days
MELALUCA TEA (Melafix):
EMPLOYMENT: repair fins, ulcers and open wounds.
It promotes the growth of new tissue and damaged fins.
DOSAGE: See Melafix
This article is my very basic for my complete article which is updated regularly, please visit the following address: AQUARIUM drugs, treatments, how and what to use and not use.

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